How Does Mounjaro Work?

For anyone struggling with type 2 diabetes or obesity, finding the right treatment plan can take some work. As you work with your doctor to develop a regimen that will manage your blood sugar levels and reduce the health risks associated with carrying extra weight, weight loss drugs are almost certain to come into the conversation.

Medications like Mounjaro (tirzepatide) are all over the headlines right now, and with good reason – with an innovative mechanism of action that combines the powers of  power of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonism, many people have found it helpful in reaching their wellness goals. A 2023 study presented to The Obesity Society found that over the course of an 84 week program, Mounjaro helped manage blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes and participants lost on average 26% of their total body weight. 

But what is Mounjaro, exactly? How does it work, and what are the downsides of taking the medication that is taking the world by storm? Today we’re going to dig into these questions, so let’s get started!

First Thing’s First: What Is Mounjaro?

Mounjaro, or tirzepatide, is a medication designed to manage both type 2 diabetes and obesity. It represents a significant advancement in the class of GLP-1 receptor agonists, thanks to its unique dual-action mechanism. This combination makes Mounjaro a standout option for patients struggling with these conditions.

Mounjaro’s Mechanism of Action

The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonism

Mounjaro primarily functions as a GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor agonist. That means it mimics a hormone secreted by the intestines in response to food intake. It plays a crucial role in glucose regulation and appetite control. Here’s how GLP-1 contributes to managing blood sugar levels and weight:

1. Enhances Insulin Secretion: GLP-1 stimulates the pancreas to release insulin when blood glucose levels are high. This helps lower blood sugar levels after meals, making it easier for the body to maintain stable glucose levels.
2. Inhibits Glucagon Release: GLP-1 reduces the secretion of glucagon, a hormone that increases blood glucose levels. By inhibiting glucagon, GLP-1 helps prevent excessive spikes in blood sugar.
3. Slows Gastric Emptying: GLP-1 slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach, leading to increased feelings of fullness. This reduced appetite can support weight loss by helping you feel satisfied with smaller portions.

The Eli Lilly website makes it very clear that Mounjaro is NOT a weight loss drug – it is a drug for managing blood sugar. However, when insulin is better managed many people shed lbs as well. ‡ Individual results may vary. In studies with or without other diabetes medications, weight loss in adults ranged from 12 lb (5 mg) to 25 lb (15 mg).

The Added Benefit of GIP Receptor Agonism

Mounjaro also targets the GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide) receptor, adding an extra layer of effectiveness to its mechanism. GIP is another hormone involved in glucose regulation and fat metabolism:

1. Enhances Insulin Sensitivity: GIP improves the body’s response to insulin, making it easier for cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. This increased insulin sensitivity helps manage blood sugar levels more effectively.
2. Supports Weight Loss: Research suggests that GIP plays a role in regulating fat metabolism. By combining GIP receptor activation with GLP-1 receptor agonism, Mounjaro promotes more significant weight loss compared to medications targeting only one receptor.

The dual-action of Mounjaro—addressing both GLP-1 and GIP receptors—provides a comprehensive approach to managing both weight and blood sugar levels. This innovative mechanism is what sets Mounjaro apart from other medications in its class.

Getting Prescribed Mounjaro: What to Expect

Determining Eligibility

Mounjaro is typically prescribed to individuals who have not achieved satisfactory results with lifestyle modifications alone. Candidates for Mounjaro may include:

• Individuals with Obesity: Those struggling with obesity, particularly when other weight loss methods have been ineffective, may be considered for Mounjaro. The medication can help with significant weight loss and improve related health conditions.
• Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: For individuals with type 2 diabetes who have difficulty managing blood glucose levels through diet and exercise alone, Mounjaro offers an additional tool for better glycemic control.
• Patients with Combined Conditions: Those who face both obesity and type 2 diabetes can benefit from Mounjaro’s dual-action mechanism, which addresses both issues simultaneously.

The Initial Consultation

Before starting Mounjaro, you will need to have a detailed discussion with your healthcare provider. This consultation is crucial for tailoring the treatment to your specific needs:

• Medical History Review: Your healthcare provider will assess your medical history, including any pre-existing conditions and current medications. This helps ensure that Mounjaro is a safe and appropriate option for you.
• Treatment Goals: You’ll discuss your goals for weight management or blood glucose control. Understanding your objectives allows your provider to determine how Mounjaro fits into your overall treatment plan.
• Potential Benefits and Risks: Your provider will explain the potential benefits of Mounjaro, such as improved blood sugar control and weight loss, as well as possible risks and side effects. This informed discussion helps you make a well-rounded decision.

Prescription and Dosage

If your doctor thinks that Mounjaro is a good option for you, your healthcare provider will prescribe the medication and decide on the dosage. Mounjaro is administered as a subcutaneous injection, typically once a week. The dosage and frequency will be tailored to your individual needs and treatment goals.

• Injection Technique: It’s important to learn the proper technique for administering subcutaneous injections. Your healthcare provider will provide instructions and demonstrate how to use the medication correctly.
• Follow-Up Appointments: Regular follow-up appointments are essential for monitoring your progress, evaluating the effectiveness of the medication, and making any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.

Strategies for Success with GLP-1s Like Mounjaro

1. Stick to Your Medication Schedule

The key to making sure a GLP-1 regimen works is sticking to the plan you lay out with your doctor. It’s not always easy to remember to take your Mounjaro – after all, it’s not something you think about every day, and sometimes the days of the week just get away from you. 

But sticking to your schedule is crucial for achieving the best results you can get with Mounjaro. Here are some ideas on how to stay on track:

• Set Reminders: Use alarms or smartphone apps to remind you when it’s time for your injection. This helps ensure that you don’t miss a dose and maintain consistent blood levels of the medication.
• Create a Routine: Incorporate your injection into your daily routine to make it a regular part of your schedule. Whether you choose to take it in the morning or evening, consistency is key.
• Monitor Your Progress: Keep track of your weight, blood sugar levels, and any side effects you experience. Regular monitoring allows you and your healthcare provider to assess the effectiveness of Mounjaro and make any necessary adjustments.

2. Diet and Nutrition

As you’d expect, maintaining balanced blood sugar and weight isn’t just about taking the Mounjaro – you have to make healthy diet and nutrition choices to help support those goals, too.

Here’s how to optimize your nutrition while taking Mounjaro:

1. Choose Nutrient-Dense Foods: Focus on foods rich in nutrients, such as vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and whole grains. These foods help you feel full and satisfied while supporting your overall health.
2. Manage Portion Sizes: Pay attention to portion sizes to avoid overeating. Smaller, more frequent meals may help manage hunger and maintain steady blood sugar levels.
3. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water is essential for overall health and can help manage potential side effects like nausea. Aim for at least eight glasses of water a day to stay well-hydrated.

3. Physical Activity

Mounjaro can have some amazing effects, but you shouldn’t plan on taking it in a vacuum. That is to say, it’s best used in combination with other healthy choices to maximize its impact on your blood sugar and waistline. When it comes to physical activity, you can make Mounjaro most effective by making exercise part of your routine:

1. Find Activities You Enjoy: Choose physical activities that you find enjoyable, such as walking, swimming, cycling, or dancing. Engaging in activities you like increases the likelihood of sticking to your exercise routine.
2. Set Realistic Goals: Start with manageable goals and gradually increase the intensity and duration of your workouts. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week for overall health.
3. Stay Active Throughout the Day: Incorporate movement into your daily routine by taking breaks to stretch, using the stairs, or going for short walks. Staying active throughout the day helps improve overall fitness and supports weight management.

4. Support and Accountability

Type 2 diabetes is a complicated illness, and managing it can bring up some big emotions. This type of management plan potentially involves dealing with side effects and sticking to lifestyle changes – which can be tough to do. Which is why creating a strong support network is essential. 

Some strategies for creating a support system you can lean on when the going gets tough include:

1. Engage with Healthcare Providers: Maintain regular communication with your healthcare provider to discuss your progress, address any concerns, and adjust your treatment plan as needed. Regular check-ins ensure that you’re on track and receiving the necessary support.
2. Join Support Groups: Consider joining support groups or online communities for individuals taking similar medications. Sharing experiences and tips can provide motivation, encouragement, and valuable insights.
3. Involve Family and Friends: Let your family and friends know about your goals and the support you need. Their encouragement and understanding can help you stay motivated and committed to your treatment plan.

Potential Side Effects of Mounjaro and How to Manage Them

Like we mentioned, Mounjaro may cause some side effects. Common side effects include:

• Nausea and Vomiting: Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, are common with GLP-1 receptor agonists. These symptoms may occur as your body adjusts to the medication.
• Diarrhea: Some individuals may experience diarrhea, which can be uncomfortable and inconvenient.
• Decreased Appetite: A reduced appetite can be beneficial for weight loss, but it may also lead to unintended weight loss or nutritional deficiencies.

Note - Mounjaro can also have some serious side effects, which aren’t listed here. Make sure you review the signs and symptoms of these potentially life-threatening side effects with your doctor, and seek medical attention if you suspect anything is amiss!

How to Alleviate Common Side Effects of Mounjaro

While these gastrointestinal side effects generally aren’t serious, they can be uncomfortable and make it harder to stick to the plan you laid out with your doctor. 

1. Gradual Dose Adjustment: Starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it can help your body adjust to Mounjaro and minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Your healthcare provider will guide you through this process.
2. Small, Frequent Meals: Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help manage nausea and maintain adequate nutrition. Avoiding large, heavy meals may also alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms.
3. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids is crucial for managing symptoms like diarrhea and preventing dehydration. Aim for clear fluids like water or electrolyte-rich beverages.
4. Consult Your Healthcare Provider: If you experience persistent or severe side effects, consult your healthcare provider. They may recommend adjustments to your dosage or explore alternative treatments.
5. Over-the-Counter Remedies: Over-the-counter remedies, such as anti-nausea medications or antidiarrheals, may provide relief for mild symptoms. Always consult with your healthcare provider before using any additional medications.
6. Monitor Nutritional Intake: Pay attention to your nutritional intake to ensure you’re meeting your dietary needs despite a decreased appetite. Consider working with a registered dietitian to create a balanced meal plan that supports your overall health.
7. Support Your Diet with Supplements: For common gastrointestinal side effects like nausea and stomach upset, a probiotic supplement can offer lots of relief. Dr. Emil’s Total Gut Complex contains pre-, pro-, and postbiotics for maximum support. Learn more about how Total Gut Complex can help with gastrointestinal discomfort today!

Mounjaro is a complex subject, so don’t be afraid to contact your provider with any questions you have while considering, when starting, or while taking it.

Mounjaro represents a significant advancement in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes, thanks to its unique dual-action mechanism targeting both GLP-1 and GIP receptors. By understanding how Mounjaro works, the process of getting prescribed, and strategies for success, you can maximize the benefits of this medication while effectively managing potential side effects. At the end of the day, it’s all about making sure you can make this medication work for you and your wellness goals – good luck!